The activities of the Peshmerga Forces were increasing, and the Peshmerga Forces headquarters were constantly present in the villages and sometimes even inside cities and towns. The goal of these movements was often to perform Peshmerga activities, and at other times it was for the purpose of following up and strengthening organizations in the cities, which harassed the enemy from both sides by carrying out Peshmerga Forces activities through inflicting human and material losses on the army and government forces [1].

In January 1982, the Kurdistan Peshmerga Forces, led by Nadir Hawrami, launched a wide attack on the bases and positions of the Iraqi Army in the Biyare and Shram area. The battle continued for several days due to the vastness of the area, and it inflicted heavy damage on the government forces and caused the fall of several dead and wounded in the ranks of the enemy.

Also, 45 soldiers were captured by the Peshmerga, in addition to several other gains in that battle which included pieces of weapons, ammunition, and military equipment. The Peshmerga's losses in carrying out this operation were four martyrs, namely Sulaiman al-Shamirani, Majnun Hawrami, Hassan Shirmari, and Omar Brakhas, with a number of other Peshmerga wounded [2].

The war was ongoing between Iran and Iraq during that period, which began on 22 September 1981, and continued for eight years, so it is known as the Eight-Year War [3] Most of the border between the two countries passes through Kurdistan, so the border areas turned into a battlefield and attacks for the two countries. 

 The Biyare and Tawila areas were among the areas affected by the battle, and the Peshmerga Forces participated in the battles. As a result, a large area of the region fell into the hands of the Peshmerga Forces. In one instance, the Iranian forces withdrew from the area by a decision from Tehran, which was a surprise to the Peshmerga and the leadership of the revolution after they had controlled the area, as they suddenly decided to withdraw. According to the evidence, it was as if Iran did not want to be a cause for provoking Arab sentiments.

The Ba'ath government at that time destroyed the Shirwan Mazn area and moved the residents to the areas surrounding Erbil [4]. This government move had two dimensions: the first was a reaction to the Peshmerga's participation in the attacks on the border areas, and the other was the Iraqi government's fears of the residents of the region cooperating with the Peshmerga Forces in controlling the area as they did in Biyare. . ‌   ‌

Sources:

1- Masoud Barzani: Barzani and the Kurdish Liberation Movement, Volume Four, 1975-1990 Gulan Revolution, Part Two, First Edition, Roxana Printing House, 2021.

2- Haji Mirxan Dolemeri: Searching for the Immortal, Volume Two, Second Edition, Kurdistan – 2021, p. 244. 

3- Nuri Hama Ali: The History of a Peshmerga's Struggle Between Life and Death, Shahab Printing House, Second Edition, Erbil – 2016.

[1] Nuri Hama Ali: The History of a Peshmerga's Struggle Between Life and Death, Shahab Printing House, Second Edition, Erbil – 2016, p.68.

[2] Masoud Barzani: Barzani and the Kurdish Liberation Movement, Volume Four, 1975-1990 Gulan Revolution, Part Two, First Edition, Roxana Printing House, 2021, p.59.

[3] Haji Mirxan Dolemeri: Searching for the Immortal, Volume Two, Second Edition, Kurdistan – 2021, p.244

[4] Masoud Barzani: Same source, p.59.