Biography

Ehmed Mistefa Şiwan was born on July 1, 1919, in the village of Kanyelinc in the Mergasor district of Erbil province. Due to the remoteness of his location, he was unable to attend school, and he married there. In 1932, he migrated to Turkey, from 1945 to 1947 he migrated to East Kurdistan, and in 1975, after the collapse of the September Revolution, he migrated to Iran and settled there. After the Kurdistan Uprising in 1991, he returned to Kurdistan. In addition to his mother tongue, he knew three other languages: Arabic, Persian, and English.

Career

Ehmed Mistefa Şiwan participated in the Second Barzan Revolution in 1943 and played an active role in the attack on the Iraqi army at the Battle of Meydan Morik in 1945. In 1945, after the Second Barzan Revolution, he migrated to East Kurdistan along with Sheikh Ahmed Barzani and Mulla Mustafa Barzani. After the establishment of the Republic of Kurdistan in Mahabad, he participated as a commander and Peshmerga.

In 1961, he joined the September Revolution from the Lekder force, and in the September Revolution he received several military ranks, including company commander and battalion commander in the Balek force, and administrative and military official of the Barzani base.

In 1976, at the beginning of the Gulan Revolution , he participated and received the rank of commander of the 30th Force of the Barzan Force. He was also an administrator of the second branch of the right wing of the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) and the official in charge of the Baran organization's Peshmerga forces. After the Kurdistan Uprising in 1991, he returned to Kurdistan and participated in the uprising. After the formation of the Peshmerga army, he received the rank of commander of the 47th unit brigade. In the same year, by the order of President Masoud Barzani , he was appointed as the head of the Social Committee of Shirwan 2.

He participated in several battles, including the battles of Meydan Morik and Goretu, the battles of Mount Qelender and Badilyan, and also with the Barzan force during the Republic of Kurdistan, he participated in the battles of Saqqez, Naqadeh, Ilbe Kwika, Nelos, Shino, and Mergewer against the Iranian army.

In the September Revolution , he participated in many battles against the Iraqi army, including Lomana, Zawita, Sere Zere, Sere Akre, Sidekan, Balekayeti, Hiran, Nazenin, Gomespan, Spilk, Rezan, Mergasor, Kuran, Sarke, Cheme Dudmera, and the Omer Agha valley in Diana.

During his time as a Peshmerga, he was wounded several times. On September 26, 1945, he lost his right eye on Mount Qelender. He was also wounded on March 15, 1947, in the Battle of Nelos, on September 17, 1963, in the Battle of Cheme Dudmera, and in 1966 in the Battle of the Omer Agha valley.

In 1947, after the return of the Barzan forces from East Kurdistan, he was arrested along with Mustafa Khoshnaw, Muhammad Mahmud Qudsi, Khayrullah Abdulkarim, and Izzat Abdulaziz in the prisons of Baghdad and Mosul. He was sentenced to death, but his sentence was later commuted to 20 years in prison.

He passed away on the night of May 24-25, 2010, at the Republic Hospital in Erbil.

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